Every side of the argument, at its strongest.

Every person recorded as claiming asylum in the UK in each calendar year of the Home Office claims dataset, main applicants and dependants together, with main applicants (one per case) shown alongside. Read as people claiming asylum: People recorded as claiming asylum that year. Dashed segments cross 2 definitional breaks in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• All claimants
• Main applicants only

People detected arriving in the UK by small boat each calendar year, from the Home Office's daily operational count. One line is the whole year; the other counts only 1 January to 22 October, the last date in the latest file, so 2026 can be compared with the same part of earlier years. The 2026 point is a part year and provisional. Read as people arriving: People detected arriving by small boat. Dashed segments cross 1 definitional break in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• Whole year (2026: to 22 October)
• 1 January to 22 October

Every return the Home Office records in each calendar year from 2004, the first year of its returns table: enforced returns, voluntary returns, and people refused entry at a port who then departed. Lines are counts of returns, not of unique people. Read as returns by type: Returns recorded that year. Dashed segments cross 2 definitional breaks in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• Enforced returns
• Voluntary returns
• Refused entry at port and departed

Grants of refugee status, humanitarian protection or other leave as a share of grants plus refusals, main applicants, by the year the initial decision was made. Withdrawals, administrative outcomes and appeals are excluded. Read as initial grant rate: Share of initial decisions that were grants. Dashed segments cross 2 definitional breaks in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• All nationalities (main applicants)

Annual long-term arrivals, departures and their difference, from 1964 to 2025. A long-term move means a stay of at least a year. Read as as a Share of the UK Population: Percentage of the UK population that year. Dashed segments cross 3 definitional breaks in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• ImmigrationGross ArrivalsThe number of people moving into a country, before subtracting anyone leaving. In these UK charts, this means people moving to the UK for at least 12 months, including returning British citizens. It is the immigration line, not net migration.×
• Net migrationNet MigrationImmigration minus emigration: the number moving in, less the number moving out. Net migration can fall because fewer people arrive, more people leave, or both. It does not count births or deaths.×

General government gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP, for the UK and for the median OECD member with data that year. Read as government investment, % of GDP: General government investment as a share of GDP. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• United Kingdom
• OECD median

Every grant of indefinite leave to remain outside the EU Settlement Scheme in each calendar year, split by the kind of leave the person held immediately before settling. The parts add up to the total in every year. The 2012 policy change named in the observations lengthened the family route from two years to five. Read as grants of settlement: People granted settlement that year. Dashed segments cross 3 definitional breaks in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• All settlement grants
• Work
• Family
• Refugee and protection
• Other (including BN(O))

The share of usual residents born outside the UK at each Census for which the ONS states the figure in text. This is a resident stock, not a count of arrivals in the year shown. Read as born outside the UK: Share of usual residents born outside the UK. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• Born outside the UK

Kilograms of uranium in Iran's enriched stock, as reported in each IAEA quarterly report, against the 2015 deal's limit of 202.8 kg. Figures were verified by inspectors to February 2021 and estimated by the IAEA after that. The last figure is the IAEA's estimate for 13 June 2025, the day Israel's strikes began; there is no later figure (as of 1 September 2026). Read as total enriched stock, kg of uranium: kg of uranium (not of UF6 gas). Dashed segments cross 1 definitional break in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• Enriched stock (IAEA)Enriched UraniumUranium processed to raise its share of U-235, the form that sustains a nuclear chain reaction. The percentage is that share: weapons typically use about 90%.×
• Limit under the 2015 deal

Executions IHRNGO confirmed from at least two sources, each year since its first annual report. These are minimums. Presidents' terms and the June 2025 war are marked under the chart. Read as executions recorded by IHRNGO: Executions (minimum). Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• IHRNGO

Every House roll call on a concurrent resolution directing the President to remove US forces from hostilities with Iran, 5 March to 15 September 2026. The first reading shows yes and no votes; the second shows members who voted against their party's majority. Read as yes and no votes: Members voting. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• Yes (end the war)
• No

Share of all counted ballots cast by mail, in person before Election Day and in person on Election Day, as reported by state and local election offices to the Election Assistance Commission after each November election. Read as share of counted ballots, by method: % of turnout. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• By mail
• In person before Election Day
• In person on Election Day

The share of returned mail (before 2016, absentee) ballots that states rejected in each November general election, and the share of those rejections given each of the three most common listed reasons, as reported to the federal Election Administration and Voting Survey. Read as share of returned mail ballots rejected: Rejected, % of returned mail ballots. Dashed segments cross 2 definitional breaks in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• United States

Share of US adults who favour requiring all voters to show government-issued photo identification, and who favour automatically registering all eligible citizens, in every Pew American Trends Panel wave that asked. Republicans and Democrats include independents who lean to each party. Read as favor requiring photo ID to vote: % who favor. Dashed segments cross 1 definitional break in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• All adults
• Rep/lean Rep
• Dem/lean Dem

Number of states where every in-person voter is asked for an identification document, as NCSL counted at the time. Points are the years NCSL published a count; the line between them is not annual data. Read as states with an ID requirement in force: States. Dashed segments cross 1 definitional break in the source. Every value is in the table on the full chart.

• States requesting or requiring ID